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Nicht negates 1) verbs, 2) adjectives, 3) adverbs, 4) prepositional phrases, and 5) nouns preceded by a definite article or 6) a possessive.
The position of nicht in a negative sentence varies, but generally follows these rules:
Nicht follows 1) the verb in second position in a declarative statement, 2) the subject in a question, 3) objects of the verb (especially pronoun objects), and 4) adverbs of specific time.
1) Ich kann nicht gehen. 2) Wollen Sie nicht gehen? 3) Sie gibt ihm das Buch nicht. 4) Wir fahren heute abend nicht. |
I can't go. Don't you want to go? She won't give him the book. We're not travelling this evening. |
Nicht precedes 1) predicate adjectives (i.e., those which complete the meaning of a linking verb, such as sein or bleiben), 2) predicate nouns (same definition as for predicate adjectives), 3) adverbs (except for those denoting specific time), 4) prepositional phrases.
1) Es bleibt nicht warm. 2) Ich bin nicht Herr Grün. 3) Er fährt nicht zu schnell. 4) Wir gehen nicht nach Hause. | It won't stay warm. I'm not Mr. Grün. He isn't driving too fast. We won't go home. |
Kein negates nouns preceded by 1) an indefinite article, or 2) no article.
The endings added to kein are determined by the gender and case of the noun following it.