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Nicht negates 1) verbs, 2) adjectives, 3) adverbs, 4) prepositional phrases, and 5) nouns preceded by a definite article or 6) a possessive.
The position of nicht in a negative sentence varies, but generally follows these rules:
Nicht follows 1) the verb in second position in a declarative statement, 2) the subject in a question, 3) objects of the verb (especially pronoun objects), and 4) adverbs of specific time.
| 1) Ich kann nicht gehen. 2) Wollen Sie nicht gehen? 3) Sie gibt ihm das Buch nicht. 4) Wir fahren heute abend nicht. |
I can't go. Don't you want to go? She won't give him the book. We're not travelling this evening. |
Nicht precedes 1) predicate adjectives (i.e., those which complete the meaning of a linking verb, such as sein or bleiben), 2) predicate nouns (same definition as for predicate adjectives), 3) adverbs (except for those denoting specific time), 4) prepositional phrases.
| 1) Es bleibt nicht warm. 2) Ich bin nicht Herr Grün. 3) Er fährt nicht zu schnell. 4) Wir gehen nicht nach Hause. | It won't stay warm. I'm not Mr. Grün. He isn't driving too fast. We won't go home. |
Kein negates nouns preceded by 1) an indefinite article, or 2) no article.
The endings added to kein are determined by the gender and case of the noun following it.